Cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide.

Cardiovascular diseases, types, treatments, prevention, risk factors and causes. Designed by Nazihpharmacy

Types Heart diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include many different types of conditions.

Some of these diseases may develop from one condition to another within the group of cardiovascular diseases, as follows:

Congenital heart disease

Congenital heart defect (CHD) is coronary heart disease, the most common(4) form of congenital heart disease that a person is born with.

There are many types of congenital heart diseases, such as:

Ventricular septal defect: This is the most common type. The wall between the ventricles of the heart does not fully develop, leaving a gap.

Cyanotic: In this case, the presence of the defect leads to a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood, with bluish fingers and lips, and shortness of breath.

Coronary heart disease that raises blood pressure: This condition may lead to pulmonary hypertension in the pulmonary arteries, which can lead to shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and possibly fainting.

Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) tends to develop when cholesterol builds up on the walls of the arteries, leading to the formation of plaques(5) or Arteriosclerosis.

The arteries supplying the heart can narrow and impair blood flow, causing inflammation and hardening of the blood vessel walls.

Therefore, it is recommended to reduce cholesterol levels and not smoke, diabetes, kidney stones and obesity, as they are risk factors.

Angina

Angina occurs(2) when part of the heart does not receive enough oxygen. You may feel pain, pressure, or pressure in the chest.

There are several types of angina, including:

Stable angina:Stable angina occurs when the heart works harder than usual, for example, during exercise. It usually lasts about 5 minutes

Unstable angina: Angina usually occurs at rest. It is mostly caused by atherosclerosis, which involves a blockage that prevents blood from reaching the heart. The pain lasts longer than 5 minutes

Microvascular angina: Microvascular angina may occur with coronary microvascular disease (MVD). A person may experience fatigue, low energy, sleep problems, and shortness of breath

Variable angina or Prinzmetal's angina: Variable angina is rare. It occurs when spasm occurs in the coronary arteries. Possible triggers include exposure to cold, stress, smoking, or cocaine use

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias [sometimes called dysrhythmias] occur(3) when the electrical signals that coordinate the heartbeat don't work properly.

The heart may beat too fast, too slowly, too early, or with an irregular rhythm. “Normal sinus rhythm” refers to how the heart beats when it is working properly.

There are several types of arrhythmia:

Atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation is common and develops mainly in adults over 65 years of age

Atrial flutter: Atrial flutter usually stems from one area of the atrium that is not working properly

Supraventricular tachycardia: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) refers to preventing blood from completely filling the heart chambers between contractions

Ventricular tachycardia: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) refers to an abnormally fast heartbeat. VT often occurs if the heart has scarring from a previous heart attack

Ventricular fibrillation (VFib): The ventricles in the lower chamber do not pump blood, but quiver instead

Bradycardia: Bradycardia is when the heart rhythm slows to less than 60 beats per minute for most people. This occurs when there is a problem with the sinoatrial node, which is the heart's natural pacemaker

Long QT syndrome: Long QT syndrome refers to a heart rhythm disorder that a person is born with

Heart attack

A heart attack occurs(6) when there is a loss of blood supply to part of the heart muscle, often due to a blockage in a nearby artery.

Symptoms include:

Shortness of breath

Profuse sweating

Dizziness

Chest pain that may spread to the arms and back

It is a medical emergency that needs hospital treatment.

Dilated cardiomyopathy

This is a type of heart failure, in which the heart becomes larger and leads to the body not pumping blood well.

In this condition, the walls of the heart muscle thicken and problems with muscle relaxation, blood flow, and electrical instability develop.

Heart failure

Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart does not pump blood around the body efficiently. This can cause symptoms such as lung congestion and swelling due to fluid retention and systolic heart failure.

Symptoms include:

General weakness

Cough

Swelling

Exhaustion

Bluish lips and fingers

Diastolic heart failure

Mitral regurgitation

In this condition, blood leaks through the mitral valve of the heart during contractions.

Mitral valve prolapse

It occurs due to the bulge of part of the mitral valve in the left atrium of the heart during its contraction, causing what is called mitral regurgitation.

Aortic stenosis

This is a narrowing of the heart valve that obstructs the flow of blood out of the heart through the aorta.

Pulmonary stenosis

It is a narrowing of the pulmonary artery that reduces blood flow from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. The pulmonary artery is the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) is an irregular heartbeat and a type of arrhythmia.

It can cut off blood flow, causing heart palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of blood clots and stroke.

Medical treatments and surgery may help.

Radiation heart disease

Exposure to radiation to the chest can damage heart valves and blood vessels.

Rheumatic heart diseas

a complication of sore throat and tonsils, which causes inflammation of the heart and can lead to malfunction of the heart valves.

To protect the heart conscious management by making lifestyle changes is needed, but some cases may be life-threatening.

Types vascular diseases

Vascular diseases are diseases that affect the arteries, veins, or capillaries throughout the body and around the heart as well.

Stages of plaque formation, blood vessels, heart disease, atherosclerosis. Edited by Nazihpharmacy

These diseases include the following:

Atherosclerosis

It is a serious disease, as deposits form along the walls of the blood vessels, which leads to their narrowing and restriction of blood flow, thus reducing the oxygen reaching the body’s cells.

Atherosclerosis results from:

High blood cholesterol

Diabetes

Obesity

Lack of physical activity

Peripheral artery disease

Peripheral artery disease is also known as peripheral vascular disease (which includes arteries and veins).

Peripheral artery disease affects blood vessels causing them to narrow, thus restricting blood flow to the:

Arms

kidneys

Stomach

Most commonly to the legs

Peripheral artery disease is a major risk factor for heart attacks and strokes.

Although this condition can have serious consequences, physical and aerobic activity can significantly improve symptoms.

Renal artery disease

It is a narrowing(10) of the renal artery that carries blood to the kidneys.

Narrowing of the arteries prevents enough oxygen-rich blood from reaching the kidneys.

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys may injure kidney tissue and increase blood pressure throughout the body.

Symptoms of renal artery stenosis include:

High blood pressure

High levels of protein in the urine

Kidney function disorders

Increased fluid and swelling in body tissues

Treatment-resistant heart failure

Aneurysm

It is a bulge or enlargement of any artery in the body, and it can develop into rupture and bleeding, so it is a very serious condition. There are severl condition:

Aortic aneurysm

Cerebral aneurysm

Popliteal aneurysm

Aneurysm of the splenic artery

Mesenteric artery aneurysm

Aneurysm of the femoral artery

Carotid artery aneurysm

Aneurysms of visceral blood vessels that supply blood to the intestines or kidneys.

Raynaud's disease

Raynaud's syndrome(7), which causes the fingers or toes to turn white, then blue, cold, and numb. This happens when temperatures drop and blood vessels spasm and narrow, reducing blood flow.

As the blood returns, the numbers run red, and it is estimated that females are nine times more susceptible to infection than males

Ischemic stroke

occurs when a blood clot or blood clot travels to the brain and causes damage of varying severity depending on the number or size of the clots.

A stroke occurs(9) when blood flow to part of the brain is reduced. This prevents brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die within minutes.

Another type of stroke is hemorrhagic stroke. It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or bursts and causes bleeding in the brain.

Peripheral vein disease

It is a condition that includes swelling or swelling in the veins that transport blood from the upper and lower extremities, i.e. the feet and arms, to the heart, causing damage and swelling of the leg and sometimes the occurrence of varicose veins.

Venous blood clots

blood clots that travel through the veins and can break off and become dangerous if they travel to the pulmonary artery and from there to the lungs.

Venous disease affects about one in three adults. Signs and symptoms can include:

Leg swelling

Leg pain

Changes in the skin of the leg

Leg ulcers

If you notice any of these symptoms, please contact your doctor.

Buerger's disease

This is a clot-forming disease(8) that leads to blood clots and inflammation, often in the lower limbs and may eventually lead to gangrene.

The most common symptoms of Buerger's disease are:

Pale, red, or bluish fingers or toes

Cold hands or feet

Pain in hands and feet

Pain in the legs, ankles, or feet when walking

Small painful ulcers appear on the fingers or toes

Blood clotting disorders

It is a serious disease in which blood clots form too quickly or not quickly enough and lead to excessive bleeding or clotting. Both cases are dangerous.

To protect blood vessels, conscious management by making lifestyle changes is needed, but some cases may be life-threatening and require rapid emergency surgery.

Symptoms of cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Symptoms vary depending on the condition. Some conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure, may not cause any symptoms at all at first, but symptoms appear later.

High blood pressure in women during the menstrual cycle results from hormonal changes and is not pathological.

What are the typical symptoms of cardiovascular problems? These include:

Shortness of breath

Nausea and fatigue

Vertigo or dizziness

Chest pain or pressure, which may indicate angina

Pain in the arms, left shoulder, elbows, or jaw

Severe cold sweating

These are the most common symptoms, but cardiovascular disease can cause symptoms anywhere in the body.

Lifestyle tips for heart patients

Heart disease is chronic and serious.

However, people can take the following steps to prevent some conditions associated with cardiovascular diseases from developing negatively:

Exercising regularly

Changing the daily routine by practicing physical and sporting activities such as running and walking restores the heart’s youthfulness.

The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends 150 minutes of moderate to intense physical activity each week.

Sports activities help:

Reduce blood cholesterol

Improve blood flow easily throughout the body

Body weight management

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders advises that if a person loses 5 to 10 percent of their body weight, they may reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease.

By making the decision to lose weight, you are taking the first step towards a healthy heart away from diseases.

Quit smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for all forms of cardiovascular disease.

Smoking risks(11):

Destruction of blood vessel walls

Contributing to inflammation, which may cause plaque in the arteries

Altering the natural heart rhythms. Increases blood pressure

Increases the level of triglycerides in the blood

The blood thickens and makes it difficult to transport oxygen

It raises the level of harmful cholesterol (LDL).

In both cases, the smoker and the passive smoker are exposed to the same risks.

Taking steps to do so can significantly reduce its harmful effects on the heart.

Follow a heart-healthy diet

Following a healthy diet is the key factor in reviving the heart of people living with cardiovascular disease.

Tips for heart patients, walking and physical activities, healthy diet, cardiovascular diseases

Tips for heart patients, walking and physical activities, a healthy diet containing vegetables and fruits. Designed by Nazihpharmacy

A heart-healthy diet includes the following:

Eating foods that contain omega-3 and polyunsaturated fats such as okra and almonds, as they have many benefits for the heart and blood vessels

Eating foods containing vitamin D, such as fish, has benefits for the heart, immunity, and bones

Eating foods rich in anti-inflammatory, as they keep the heart away from infections

Eating vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C and fiber has great benefits for the heart, such as spinach, oranges, blueberries, and avocados

Eating whole grains along with fruits and vegetables can support heart health and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as oatmeal and sesame

Reducing your intake of processed and prepared foods, saturated fats and added sugar has a similar effect.

Treating heart disease

There are many options for treating heart disease, and the options depend on the type of heart and blood vessel disease that the person has.

Some options include:

Medications

Cholesterol lowering agents

Antihypertensives

Regulating heart rhythm

Vasodilators

Blood thinners

Diuretics

Surgery

Open-heart surgery

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Valve repair or replacement surgery

Cardiac rehabilitation

Cardiac rehabilitation is important for patients living with heart disease, and cardiac rehabilitation includes the following:

Changing lifestyle

Recipes for appropriate sports activities

Appropriate healthy food recipes

Treatment aims to:

Maintain the stability of the condition

Preventing the condition from developing into another condition that may be worse

Relieve symptoms

Preventing complications such as hospitalization, heart failure, stroke, heart attack, or death

Live a normal life with a partner who helps you forget about your chronic condition

The specialist doctor is the primary advisor for achieving a stable condition.

Causes and risk factors

There are many risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular diseases, risk factors, causes, smoking, high cholesterol, lack of physical activity

There are many risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as smoking, high cholesterol, bad fats, and lack of physical activity. Designed by Nazihpharmacy

Including the following:

Atherosclerosis

Hypertension

Osteoporosis

Inflammatory process, such as myocarditis

Calcium deficiency

A structural problem present from birth (congenital heart disease)

Magnesium deficiency

Smoking

Some digestive diseases such as Celiac disease

Radiation therapy

Air pollution

Potassium deficiency

Lack of sleep

High blood cholesterol

Obesity

Cancer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Excessive consumption of energy drinks

Diabetes

High-fat diet

Poor physical activity

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Stress

Chronic lung diseases

Hormone therapy for certain conditions such as menopause in women

People may have more than one risk factor at the same time.

Prevention

Prevention of cardiovascular disease depends on treating the risk factors that lead to cardiovascular disease, by taking the following main steps:

Eating fresh vegetables and fresh fruits rich in Omega-3, as a basic diet

Limit the use of alcohol, tobacco and energy drinks

Reduce your intake of sugar, salt, and foods full of bad saturated fats

Adopting a lifestyle that suits every situation, especially for children, such as practicing physical activities

Continued exposure to risk factors can contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease later in life, but not at the same time.

But if a person does not know that he has a heart disease, it may appear directly when exposed to one of the risk factors.

Is sex safe for people with heart disease?

Sex for heart patients is safe if you live in a stable heart condition.

According to the American Heart Association(12), heart attacks (or angina) rarely occur during sexual activity, because sexual activity is usually limited in duration.

The action plan includes:

Monitoring the development of the condition

Cardiac rehabilitation

Stabilization of the cardiac condition

Regular physical activity

It determines the possibility of having sex, especially for women and the elderly.

The specialist doctor is the one who evaluates your condition before resuming intimate relations and avoiding complications.

Does aspirin protect against cardiovascular disease?

Aspirin may cause bleeding(13), and this risk outweighs any benefit it may have.

Many people take an aspirin daily as a routine measure to protect against cardiovascular disease. However, current guidelines no longer recommend this for most people.

A doctor may suggest aspirin as a blood thinner if a person is at high risk for a cardiovascular event, such as a heart attack or stroke, with no risk of bleeding.

The specialist doctor who determines whether a person should take a daily dose of aspirin to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Summary

Cardiovascular diseases are chronic, serious, multi-type, and interconnected, and one disease may develop into another.

Prevention is important and protects your heart, By following a healthy diet and appropriate sports activities.

Good management of the disease rehabilitates your heart and protects it from serious complications.

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